Archaeoequus

Gdańsk

Gdańsk, Plac Heweliusza. Osada. nr inw. Nr 343/97, wykop 29, warstwa 833.

Chronologia: XI–XIII w.

Elementy kończyny miednicy od pojedynczego osobnika w wieku dorosłym, o wysokości w kłębie 125,6-127,4 cm.

Literatura: Makowiecki 1998a.

 

Anatomical element

NISP

Descriptions and biometrical data

Femur

1

right

Tibia

1

right; GL = 323.5; SD = 33.4; Bd = 69; WH = 127.4 cm

Third metatarsal bone

1

right; GL = 240.5; Ll = 232.2; Bp = 41.9; SD = 41.9; Bd = 46; WH = 125.6 cm

 

Gdańsk, 1; Grodzka St. 10/11, Grodzisko. nr inw. Nr 207, warstwa 430.

Chronologia: koniec XI w.

Elementy anatomiczne ze szkieletów kilku osobników (prawdopodobnie 4); każdy w wieku około 5–7 i 7–8 lat, dwóch w wieku 11–14 lat i jeden w wieku 14–16 lat, w tym dwóch mężczyzn.

Literatura: Makowiecka i Makowiecki 2008a; Jarzęcka-Stąporek i in. 2008.

 

Anatomical element

NISP

Descriptions and biometrical data

Skull

1

fragment of the occiput

Skull

1

incomplete – the entire braincase with the basal and visceral parts preserved, however, with the loss of the left orbital bone; nuchal crest slightly convex; left asymmetry; obtuse angle, nuchal ligament retracted, flat, but quite porous-rough; A = 1 B = 2 (27mm); individual about 7 years old; negatives of teeth visible on the right condyle, left condyle and condylar process knocked off – chipped off (blunt, heavy instrument)

Mandible

1

left, whole and part of the right, including tooth P2, wear of the crown P2 as a result of the bit, male aged 11-12 (based on incisors); incisors arranged almost horizontally

Mandible

1

left, strong abrasion of P2, male aged 14-16 (based on P3 measurement)

Mandible

1

left, strong abrasion of P2 due to the bit, age 12-14

Mandible

1

right, small fragment, age 11-13 (based on P3 measurement)

Axis

1

 

Cervical vertebrae

2

+-; circa 5–7 years

Thoracic vertebrae

6

+- ; circa 5–7 years

Thoracic vertebrae

1

process

Lumbar vertebrae

1

dog tooth marks

Sacrum

1

traces of gnawing by a dog in the last segment

Sacrum

1

 

Ribs

16

 

Third metacarpal bone

1

left; GL = 199.8; Bp = 45.5; SD = 29.4; Bd = 44.3; WH = 125.1

Pelvis

1

right, left, traces of dog gnawing on the hip and ischial bone, very short individual – the size of a pony

Pelvis

1

left, preserved ilium with acetabulum, traces of dog teeth on the ilium; LA = 53.6

Pelvis

1

right ilium, traces of gnawing by a dog

Femur

1

right, preserved proximal epiphysis and almost the entire diaphysis, traces of dog gnawing, traces of surface weathering from the caudal side

Talus

1

 

Third metatarsal bone

1

right; Bd = 50

 ∑

42

 

 

Gdańsk, 1; Grodzisko. nr inw. Nr 204, warstwa 740.

Chronologia: 2. połowa XI w.; 14C: 955 ± 30 BP, nr laboratorium: Poz-155386; prawdopodobieństwo 68,20%: 1035AD (11,2%) 1049AD; 1081 r. (57,1%) 1152 r.; Prawdopodobieństwo 95,40%: 1027AD (95,4%) 1160AD.

14C: 900 ± 30 BP, nr laboratorium: Poz-155385; prawdopodobieństwo 68,20%: 1050AD (23,7%) 1081AD; 1153 r. (44,6%) 1212 r.; prawdopodobieństwo 95,40%: 1042AD (34,9%) 1108AD; 1116 r. (60,5%) 1219 r. n.e.

Elementy szkieletu co najmniej trzech osobników, w tym dwóch samców (czaszki), w wieku 7–8 lat i 12–13 lat; Wysokość w kłębie waha się od 122,9 do 129,6 cm; 135,6-139,9 cm i 142 cm. Dodatkowo w palcach osobnik bardzo krótki, około 115,1 cm.

Literatura: Makowiecka i Makowiecki 2008a; Jarzęcka-Stąporek i in. 2008 i ten projekt.

 

Anatomical element

NISP

Descriptions and biometrical data

Skull

1

male 12-13 years old; whole skull – very well preserved; smooth surface, light yellow; forehead profile (on the frontal bone) slightly concave; on the left nasal bone, in the area of the nasofrontal suture, diagonal scratches were noted (very delicate – barely visible to the naked eye, except for one distinct, negative, light knife with a very narrow blade); furthermore, two short, deeper (lenticular) negatives of the blade visible on the right nasal bone, located at the level of the junction with the nasal process of the incisive bone; on both nasal processes of the incisive bone visible negatives from the teeth of a predator (dog?) as shallow and wide, dark (brown) – the same in the left eye socket; on the nasal process of the right nasal bone, modifications of the original morphology are visible in the form of a punctate, shallow depression with a diagonal course, slight folds and thickening of the bone around it (the effect of injury, short-term inflammation); straight nuchal crest, left asymmetry, right angle; external occipital protuberance – convex with a visible spongy structure, a strongly emphasised process above it; 14C: Poz-155386; B-P = 477.5; WH = 136.8 cm; A-P = 518.2; WH = 139.9 cm

Mandible

1

left and right, 30 fragments with the left dental arch, traces of abrasion on the edge of P2 and the crown – after the bit; individual 11-12 years old

Atlas and axis

2

both fully preserved

Cervical vertebrae

1

last, preserved whole, individual over 10 years old (++), no signs of weathering

Cervical vertebrae

5

Whole, individual over 10 years old (++); the same individual

Thoracic vertebrae

10

over 10 years (++) three vertebrae with osteophytes

Thoracic vertebrae

3

vertebrae 13, 14 and 15, individual over 10 years old (++); strongly developed osteophytes on the ventral edge of the body with a slight orientation to the left

Lumbar vertebrae

6

whole, individual over 10 years old (++); the same individual

Ribs

29

very well preserved, mostly intact

Radius & ulna

1

right, whole, 123, ++; GL = 329; Bp = 80.4; SD = 37.1; Bd = 75.7; WH = 135.6 cm

Radius & ulna

1

left, 12, detached distal epiphysis of the radius; Bp = 81.2; SD = 36.6

Third metacarpal bone

1

right; GL = 225.2; Bp = 53.3; SD = 32.7; Bd = 50.5; WH = 138.7 cm

Scapula

1

right, whole preserved; SLC = 71.4; GLP = 94.9

Scapula

1

left, whole, on the dorsal edge, traces of gnawing by a dog; SLC = 65.2; GLP = 95.6

Proximal phalanx ant.

1

left, pathological changes on the diaphysis–slight degeneration on the lateral edges in the centre of the diaphysis; GL = 88.9; Bp = 56.7; SD = 35.6; Bd = 48.4; WH = 138.4 cm; photo

Proximal phalanx ant.

1

right, pathological changes – extensive osteophytes on the caudal surface; GL = 85.5; Bp = 55.9; SD = 36.5; Bd = 49.1; WH = 133.1 cm

Subsequent individuals

Skull

1

almost whole-damaged area around the nose and incisive bone; on the frontal bone numerous traces of thin and sharp negatives (from a sharp instrument) with different courses in relation to each other; skull colour dark; nuchal crest probably arched (defects visible); convex occipital protuberance – two protuberances, one in A and the other in B; A+B = 5; 23.8 mm, porous surface, perforated; obtuse angle; sutures: interfrontal almost fused, frontonasal not fused, temporo-zygomatic not fused; individual 7-8 years old; 14C: BP, Poz-155385; B-P = 444.1; WH = 126.1; A-P = 480; WH = 129.6

Radius

1

right, 123, ++; GL = 298.5; Bp = 72.5; SD = 31.9; Bd = 64.8; WH = 123.4 cm

Third metacarpal bone

1

right, whole; GL = 195.5; Bp = 43.8; SD = 28.4; Bd = 45.9; WH = 122.9 cm

Upper canid permanent

2

 

Upper teeth

1

I2, individual aged 12-13 years

Ribs

2

 

Cervical vertebrae

1

 

Scapula

1

left, almost whole, distal part damaged, colour different from the two previous ones; SLC = 62.7; GLP = 85.5

Humerus

1

left, 23, o+; Bd = 81.2

Humerus

1

right, 123, ++; dog bite marks at the proximal epiphysis; GLC = 272.3; SD = 32.3; Bd = 79.7

Carpal bones

1

 

Third metacarpal bone

1

left; GL = 231.5; Bp = 51.1; SD = 33.9; Bd = 49.5; WH = 142 cm

Pelvis

1

right, whole, gnawing marks on the wing of the ilium and on the edges of the ischium; on the left, a preserved ilium with visible traces of gnawing by a dog; male

Patella

1

right

Tibia

1

left, 3, o+; Bd = 69.1

Calcaneus

1

left, marks of gnawing by a dog on the tubercle; 123

Talus

1

left

Proximal phalanx post.

1

right; GL = 72.7; Bp = 46.5; SD = 28.9; Bd = 41.32; WH = 115.1 cm

Middle phalanx post.

1

right; GL = 39.4; Bp = 44.8; SD = 38.7; Bd = 44.5

Distal phalanx ant.

1

 

87

 

 

Gdańsk, 1, Grodzka St. 10/11, Grodzisko. nr inw. Nr 205, warstwa 420.

Chronologia: 2. połowa XI w.; 14C: Poz-118409; 935 ± 30 lat wstecz; prawdopodobieństwo 68,20%: 1039AD (10,6%) 1053AD; 1080 r. (57,6%) 1152 r.; Prawdopodobieństwo 95,40%: 1026AD (95,4%) 1162AD.

Kości szkieletów co najmniej sześciu osobników (na podstawie sześciu kości lewej miednicy); wśród nich 4 chłopców w wieku 4-5 lat, 8-9 lat; 5-6 lat; 11 lat; zakres wysokości w kłębie 128-142 cm.

Literatura: Makowiecka i Makowiecki 2008a; Jarzęcka-Stąporek i in. 2008 i ten projekt.

 

Anatomical element

NISP

Descriptions and biometrical data

Skull

1

individual 4-5 years old; damaged rostral and occiput areas, sockets of wolf teeth (missing teeth); negatives of teeth are visible on the processes of the nasal bones and on the right and left facial crests – the same also in other regions of the skull, i.e. on the left temporal line, the zygomatic process of the left frontal bone, inside the eye sockets; incomplete process of obliteration of cranial sutures (wedge-occipital not fused; fronto-lacrimal not fused; sagittal fused; all permanent buccal teeth – M3 slightly abraded (mandibular, atlas and three thoracic and lumbar vertebrae preserved from the same individual)

An internal groove is visible on the preserved process of the right incisor bone

Mandible

1

left and right, male aged 4-5

Atlas

1

From the individual above

Cervical vertebrae

3

From the individual above ; +-/+-;

Thoracic vertebrae

3

From the individual above; +-/+-; on the diaphysis traces of predator’s teeth

Skull

1

another individual – male aged 8-9 years; whole skull; smooth surface, light brown (yellowish), frontal bone slightly concave; in the vicinity of the nasal process of the incisive bone visible flat grooves (scratches) from the teeth of a predator (more prominent on the nasal process of the nasal bone); depressions are visible in the vicinity of the narrowing of the temporal bones (caused by mechanical pressure?); nuchal crest with left asymmetry, slightly concave; flat external occipital tuberosity without pathological changes; A-P = 525.5; WH = 141.9 cm, B-P = 483; WH = 136.8 cm

Skull

3

fragments, including one entire occipital area

Mandible

1

left and right, female aged 5-6 years (age determined on the basis of incisors); on the body of the left mandible, a slight modification after inflammation around 13 mm in diameter, traces of a bridle on diastema

Mandible

1

left and right; an individual of about 11 years of age (age based on incisors); lack of the left edge – I3 left (ante mortem loss) caused the formation of an incorrect bite with heavily worn lower teeth; strong abrasion of both canines up to ½ of the height of the crown (surfaces strongly rounded – spherical)

Atlas

1

whole

Axis

3

on one of them bite marks on the spinous process

Atlas

1

gnawing marks on the wings

Axis

1

bite marks on the spinous process

Cervical vertebrae

5

from one individual, about 7 years old (+/+-)

Cervical vertebrae

1

last, from an individual over 7 years old (++)

Thoracic vertebrae

16

almost all spinous processes show marks of gnawing; from an individual over 7 years old (++)

Lumbar vertebrae

6

from an individual over 7 years old (++)

Sacrum

1

gnawing marks on the spinous processes and on the last segment

Cervical vertebrae

2

 

Cervical vertebrae

3

from an individual over 7 years old (++)

Cervical vertebrae

1

last, from an individual over 7 years old (++)

Thoracic vertebrae

1

from an individual about 7 years old (+/+-), bite marks on the diaphysis

Thoracic vertebrae

1

from an individual about 7 years old (+/+-)

Thoracic vertebrae

5

from an individual about 7 years old (++)

Thoracic vertebrae

3

from an individual over 7 years old (++), pathological changes in the vicinity of the articular processes, especially on the left side–degeneration and osteophytes;

Lumbar vertebrae

2

penultimate and last, fused together, from an individual over 7 years old (++), gnawing marks on transverse processes

Lumbar vertebrae

3

 

Sacrum

1

dog tooth marks on the last segment

Sacrum

1

2 segments are preserved, gnawing marks at the end of the second

Ribs

8

on four gnawing marks

Ribs

46

on several specimens visible gnawing marks

Ribs

41

 

Pelvis

1

left and right, complete, dog tooth marks on ischium and ilium; male; LA = 65.9

Pelvis

1

left, dog tooth marks on the ischium and ilium; LA = 58.3

Pelvis

1

right, dog tooth marks on ischium and ilium; LA = 60.6

Pelvis

1

left, dog tooth marks on the ischium and ilium; LA = 66.7

Pelvis

1

left, preserved acetabulum and ischium, traces of dog teeth; male; LA = 66.9

Pelvis

1

left and right, pubic symphysis fused, dog gnawing marks on the ilium and ischium on both sides; male,

Pelvis

1

right, whole, dog gnawing marks on iliac and ischial bones; LA = 66.4

Pelvis

1

left and right, male, dog gnawing marks; LA = 62.1

Femur

1

right, 123;++, gnawing marks at the proximal and distal diaphyses

Femur

1

left, 123, ++; 14C*; GL = 383; Bp = 112.8; SD = 38.8; Bd = 94.4; WH = 133.2 cm

Tibia

1

GL = 335; Bp = 82; SD = 37,8; Bd = 69; WH = 132 cm

Tibia

1

left, 12, +-/o–almost fused together; Bp = 88.9

Tarsal bones

1

right

Calcaneus

1

right, gnawing marks on the tubercle

Talus

1

right

Third metatarsal bone

1

right, gnawing marks at the distal diaphysis (and talus & tarsal bone from the same individual); GL = 264.7; Bp = 47.8; SD = 29.9; Bd = 47.8; WH = 138.4 cm

Proximal phalanx post.

1

right; GL = 80.8; Bp = 52.9; SD = 30.7; Bd = 44.8; WH = 128 cm

185

 

*) a sample was taken for 14C dating

 

Gdańsk, 1, Grodzisko. nr inw. Nr 200 i 202, warstwa 24.

Chronologia: 1. połowa XIV w. (1308-poł. XIV w.).

Elementy szkieletu co najmniej pięciu koni (określone na podstawie pięciu trzecich kości śródręcza), w tym czaszka i żuchwa samca od osobnika w wieku 8–10 lat; kolejne osobniki to samiec w wieku 12-13 lat (uszkodzona czaszka), około 3-4 lat (żuchwa), 9-10 lat (żuchwa) i powyżej 20 lat; wysokość w kłębie liczona na podstawie kości długich w przedziale 115-146 cm; obliczono na podstawie członków palców w zakresie 108,1–141,7.

Literatura: Makowiecka i Makowiecki 2008a; Jarzęcka-Stąporek i in. 2008 i ten projekt.

 

Inv. No.

Anatomical element

NISP

Descriptions and biometrical data

200

Skull

1

male, 8-10 years old, based on incisors. In the case of the skull, the right and left parts of the facial skeleton have been preserved, with a large loss (almost complete) of the braincase and part of the base. Strong abrasion of the crown of tooth P2 and P3 was found on the maxillary bones – the effect of the presence of a bit; in the mandible, severe loss of both lower teeth P2 on the mesial edge

202

Skull

1

fragment of the occipital condyles

202

Skull

1

damaged skull, preserved I2 from the incisors; age 12-13 years, male

202

Skull

1

small fragment

200

Mandible

1

right left; strong loss P2, crown surface flat and abrasion of the front vertical edge, measurements: LP-M = 171.8, LP = 86.6, LM = 85.4

202

Mandible

1

an individual over 20 years of age; tooth height M2 = 21.6 mm

202

Mandible

1

left 9-10 years, tooth height P2 = 30 mm; pathological changes on the diaphysis near the diastema – extensive inflammation

202

Mandible

1

 

202

Mandible

1

left, lower tooth M3 in the initial stage of abrasion; an individual aged 3-4 years

202

Mandible

1

 

202

Mandible

1

pathological changes on the articular surface of the condyle

202

Upper teeth

1

M1 or M2, 10-12 years

202

Upper teeth

1

M3, H = 41.4; 8-10 years

202

Upper teeth

4

8-10 years, probably from one individual

202

Lower teeth

1

P2, H = 43.8; 6-7 years

200

Cervical vertebrae

1

 

202

Axis

1

dog gnawing marks on the spinous process

200

Thoracic vertebrae

2

from one individual, from the distal part of the spine, gnawing on the spinous processes by a dog, 123, ++

200

Thoracic vertebrae

1

from around the withers; age over 10 years (++)

202

Thoracic vertebrae

1

 

200

Lumbar vertebrae

2

age over 10 years (++); retracted transverse processes on the right side

202

Lumbar vertebrae

3

 

202

Lumbar vertebrae

2

foal about a year old (--)

202

Sacrum

1

 

202

Caudal vertebrae

1

 

202

Ribs

39

 mostly whole specimens and several splinters

200

Scapula

1

right, 23

202

Scapula

1

around the ventral angle; SLC = 51; GLP = 77.5 LG = 45.3; BG = 38

202

Scapula

1

SLC = 54.7; GLP = 76.1; LG = 46.3;

BG = 37.2

202

Scapula

1

GLP = 89.5

202

Scapula

1

SLC = 64.6; GLP = 90.5

202

Humerus

1

Bd = 84

202

Humerus

1

Bd = 79.6

202

Humerus

2

fragments of proximal epiphyses with traces of gnawing by a dog

202

Humerus

1

 

202

Humerus

1

left; GL = 316; Bp = 96.2; SD = 37.7; Bd = 88.9;

WH = 146.4 cm

200

Radius

1

distal and proximal epiphyses bitten off, gnawed by a dog – negatives of dog’s teeth, photo 2

202

Radius

2

 

202

Radius

1

diaphysis

202

Radius

1

left; GL = 276; Bp = 69.4; SD = 31.8; Bd = 61.1;

WH = 114.5 cm

202

Ulna

2

 

202

Radius & ulna

1

left; GL = 343.3; SD = 38.4; Bd = 76;

WH = 141.3

202

Radius & ulna

1

left; GL = 308; Bp = 72.9; SD = 33.4; Bd = 67.4;

WH = 127.2 cm

202

Third metacarpal bone

1

left; GL = 233.8; Bp = 51.4; SD = 33; Bd = 50.8;

WH = 143.3 cm

202

Third metacarpal bone

1

left; GL = 237.3; Bp = 53.2; SD = 33.5; Bd = 50.4;

WH = 145.1 cm

202

Third metacarpal bone

1

right; GL = 237; Bp = 52.9; SD = 32.7; Bd = 50.6;

WH = 145.1 cm

202

Third metacarpal bone

1

left; GL = 188.7; Bp = 43.3; SD = 27.7; Bd = 40.7;

WH = 119.2 cm

202

Third metacarpal bone

1

left; GL = 183.9; Bp = 43.7; SD = 27.6; Bd = 42;

WH = 116.7 cm

202

Pelvis

1

right, left, preserved in one piece, traces of gnawing by a dog on the iliac and ischial bones; LA = 63.6

202

Pelvis

1

marks of gnawing by a dog; LA = 64.7

202

Femur

4

marks of gnawing by a dog

202

Femur

1

complete, right, 123, ++, marks of gnawing by a dog; GL = 403; Bp = 120.2; SD = 41.2;

WH = 141.2 cm

202

Femur

2

 

202

Tibia

1

right; GL = 318; Bp = 81; SD = 35; Bd = 61.4;

WH = 125.5

202

Tibia

2

 

202

Tibia

1

an individual under two years old (o-)

202

Calcaneus

1

 

202

Talus

2

 

202

Metatarsals

1

splint bone

202

Third metatarsal bone

1

right, pathological changes in the vicinity of the dorsal proximal epiphysis; GL = 221; Bp = 44.2; SD = 25.7; Bd = 41.9; WH = 115.1 cm

202

Third metatarsal bone

1

pony-sized horse; SD = 29.1

202

Third metatarsal bone

1

laws; and second metacarpal fused to third; on the third metacarpal, small osteophytes on the edge of the articular surface of the proximal epiphysis; GL = 234.5; Bp = 43.5; SD = 28.8; Bd = 44.5; WH = 122.3 cm

202

Third metatarsal bone

1

right; GL = 244; Bp = 44; SD = 26.1; Bd = 43.3;

WH = 127.4 cm

202

Proximal phalanx ant.

1

left; GL = 88.2 Bp = 55.4; SD = 36.7; Bd = 48.2;

WH = 137.3

202

Proximal phalanx ant.

1

left; GL = 91; Bp = 55.6; SD = 36; Bd = 48.6;

WH = 141.7 cm

202

Proximal phalanx ant.

1

left; GL = 69.4; Bp = 46.6; SD = 28.8; Bd = 40.1;

WH = 108.1 cm

202

Proximal phalanx post.

1

left; GL = 63.3; Bp = 45.7; SD = 29.1; Bd = 39.2;

WH = 108.2 cm

202

Middle phalanx ant.

1

left; GL = 47.8; Bp = 53.2; SD = 46.2; Bd = 50.9;

202

Middle phalanx ant.

1

GL = 40.3; Bp = 44; SD = 37.5; Bd = 43.1

202

Distal phalanx

2

 

 ∑

 

126

 

 

Gdańsk, 1; Grodzisko. nr inw. Nr 206, warstwa .64.

Chronologia: 1308–poł. XIV w.

Elementy szkieletów pięciu osobników, jeden w wieku około 2,5-3,5 roku; inne osoby, które ukończyły 42. miesiąc życia (w tym jedno powyżej 10. roku życia); wysokość w kłębie najniższego 120 cm, dwa osobniki w przedziale 126-128 cm, jeden w przedziale 131-133 cm i 139-140 cm.

Literatura: Makowiecka i Makowiecki 2008a; Jarzęcka-Stąporek i in. 2008 i ten projekt.

 

Anatomical element

NISP

Descriptions and biometrical data

Mandible

1

fragment

Teeth

3

incisor from one individual at the age of about 2.5-3.5 years

Cervical vertebrae

4

over 10 years (++)

Ribs

10

 

Scapula

1

right

Humerus

1

left, almost the entire diaphysis and the distal diaphysis; Bd = 86.7

Humerus

1

left, diaphysis fragment and distal diaphysis; Bd = 83.4

Radius

1

right; GL = 318; Bp = 79.3; SD = 36.3; Bd = 69.6; WH = 131.2 cm

Radius

1

left; GL = 305; Bp = 75.9; SD = 37.8; Bd = 70.6; WH = 126 cm

Radius

1

left, heavily weathered, the whole diaphysis

Carpal bones

4

 

Pelvis

1

left, fragment of the ischium and acetabulum

Femur

1

right; GL = 350; Bp = 111.8; SD = 40.32; Bd = 88.5; WH = 120 cm

Femur

1

left, distal diaphysis knocked off during exploration; marks of gnawing by a dog

Femur

1

left, proximal epiphysis and almost the entire diaphysis, marks of gnawing by a do

Femur

1

fragment of the diaphysis

Tibia

1

GL = 352.5; Bp = 97; SD = 41.1; Bd = 72; WH = 139 cm

Tibia

1

left; GL = 339; SD = 35.6; Bd = 70; WH = 133.6 cm

Tibia

1

right; GL = 326; SD = 38.3; Bd = 68; WH = 128.4 cm

Tibia

1

right; GL = 324; Bp = 88, SD = 40; Bd = 69.5; WH = 127.6 cm

Tibia

1

left, almost entire diaphysis and distal diaphysis; Bd = 69.8

Third metacarpal bone

1

left; GL = 201.5; Bp = 47.3; SD = 32.4; Bd = 48.5; WH = 126 cm

Metacarpals

1

splint bone

Calcaneus

1

right, marks of gnawing by a dog on the tubercle

Talus

1

right

Third metatarsal bone

1

left; GL = 243; Bp = 43.5; SD = 26.6; Bd = 44; WH = 126.8 cm

Third metatarsal bone

1

right; GL = 239.9; Bp = 45.4; SD = 30.6; Bd = 44.9; WH = 125.2 cm

Third metatarsal bone

1

right; GL = 244.7; Bp = 46.4; SD = 29.3; Bd = 46.9; WH = 127.8 cm

Third metatarsal bone

1

left; GL = 245; Bp = 46.5; SD = 29.1; Bd = 47; WH = 127.9 cm

Third metatarsal bone

1

left; GL = 274.6; Bp = 50.7; SD = 31.7; Bd = 50.5; WH = 143.7 cm

Proximal phalanx post.

1

right; GL = 78.3; Bp = 51.2; SD = 31.6; Bd = 43.4; WH = 124 cm

Distal phalanx

1

 

49

 

 

Gdańsk, 1; Grodzisko. nr inw. Nr 201, warstwa 540.

Chronologia: 1308–poł. XIV w.; 14C: 900 ± 30 pz; Poz-118410; prawdopodobieństwo 68,20%: 1046AD (33,0%) 1092AD; 1121 r. (11,8%) 1140 r.; 1147 r. (23,5%) 1185 r.;

Prawdopodobieństwo 95,40%: 1039AD (95,4%) 1210AD.

Elementy szkieletu dwóch dorosłych osobników, w tym jednego samca, w wieku około 8-9 lat; wysokość w kłębie jednego z koni wynosi 137,2 cm, drugiego mieści się w przedziale 142,6 – 145,5 cm.

Literatura: Makowiecka i Makowiecki 2008a; Jarzęcka-Stąporek i in. 2008 i ten projekt.

 

Anatomical element

NISP

Descriptions and biometrical data

Mandible

1

left and right, male 8-9 years old; traces of abrasion on P2-bridle; right and left articular processes gnawed by a dog; LP-M = 157, LP = 81.7, LM = 75.3

Ribs

7

 

Scapula

1

right, whole, 123; SLC = 59.4; GLP = 96.2; LG = 58.3; BG = 49.8

Humerus

1

right; GL = 293; Bp = 94; SD = 36.2; Bd = 79.7; WH = 137.2 cm

Humerus

2

one specimen with preservation stage: 23

Radius & ulna

1

right; sample taken for 14C: 900 ± 30 BP; 1039AD–1210AD; GL = 346.5; Bp = 87.4; SD = 39.3; Bd = 80.1; WH = 142.6 cm

Third metacarpal bone

1

left, pathological changes – splint bones II and IV fused with bone III; GL = 238; Bp = 49; SD = 30.6; Bd = 49.9; WH = 145.5 cm

Pelvis

1

left and right, female; LA = 58.2

Femur

1

right, 2

Femur

1

23

Femur

1

right, +o

Middle phalanx ant.

1

left; GL = 45.2; Bp = 51.3; SD = 43.45; Bd = 50.1

Distal phalanx ant.

1

 

20

 

 

Gdańsk, 1, ul. Sukiennicza, Grodzisko. 

Chronologia: XI-XII w.; 14C: Poz-120868, 960 ± 30 lat temu, prawdopodobieństwo 68,20%: 1024AD (22,7%) 1049AD; 1085 r. (34,7%) 1124 r.; 1137 r. (10,9%) 1150 r.; Prawdopodobieństwo 95,40%: 1020AD (95,4%) 1155AD.

Szkielet samca, 8-9 lat, wysokość w kłębie 122,8-132,3 cm; osobnik z objawami choroby wywołanej prawdopodobnie przez Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium bovis, Burkholderia mallei, Acranobacterium pyogenes, Staphylococcus spp. lub Aspergillus spp. (por. Makowiecki i in. 2022b).

Literatura: Makowiecka i Makowiecki 2011; Makowiecki i in. 2022b; Kocińska i in. 2021 i ten projekt.

 

Anatomical element

NISP

Descriptions and biometrical data

Skull

1

whole; pathological changes new bone formation at the base of the nasal bones, on the left frontal bone near the suture and on the left maxillary bone near the maxillary opening, as well as on the left nasal bone

Cervical vertebrae

7

all specimens well-preserved

Thoracic vertebrae

11

I-XI, exostoses are visible on two spinous processes

Thoracic vertebrae

4

on the last four vertebrae visible exostoses on the body of various degrees of advancement, including the penultimate one, a distinct fracture on the articular surface of the caudal end, two horizontal cracks on one of the vertebrae

Lumbar vertebrae

5

pathological changes (exostoses) in the articular processes – in the case of two vertebrae, they are almost fused together

Ribs

21

on one of the specimens, around the neck, new bone tissue formation; on another, pathological changes – a large thickening in the central part

Humerus

1

left, intact, gnawing marks at the proximal epiphysis; on the right tubercles

Radius & ulna

1

left, GL = 313; Bp = 76; SD = 34.1; Bd = 70.1; WH = 129.2 cm

Radius & ulna

1

right; GL = 316.6; Bp = 76.5; SD = 33.7; Bd = 69.7; WH = 130.6 cm

Carpal bones

7

left and right

Third metacarpal bone

1

left, bones II and IV fused with III; GL = 213.2; Bp = 48.4; SD = 29.3; Bd = 45; WH = 132.3 cm

Third metacarpal bone

1

right, bones II and IV fused with III GL = 213; Bp = 49.3; SD = 28.4; Bd = 44.8; WH = 132.2 cm

Pelvis

2

left and right

Femur

1

left; GL = 357.1; Bp = 99.1; SD = 34; Bd = 84.9; WH = 122.8 cm

Femur

1

right

Tibia

1

left; GL = 321; Bp = 88.2; SD = 36.3; Bd = 68.8; WH = 126.4 cm

Tibia

1

right; GL = 318.1; SD = 36; Bd = 67; WH = 125.5 cm

Tarsal bones

2

left and right

Tarsal bones

1

right; bottom row fused with middle row; spavin

Tarsal bones

1

middle row

Tarsal bones

1

distal row

Calcaneus

2

right; left – pathological changes on the articular surface – inflammation on the bacterial background

Talus

2

right; left – pathological changes on the articular surface – inflammation on the bacterial background

Third metatarsal bone

1

left, bone II fused with III; GL = 246.9; Bp = 47.8; SD = 27; Bd = 46; WH = 128.9 cm

Third metatarsal bone

1

right, bone II fused with III; GL = 246.9; Bp = 46.9; SD = 25.7; Bd = 45.7; WH = 128.9 cm

Fourth metatarsal bone

2

left and right

Proximal phalanx ant.

1

 

Proximal phalanx post.

1

left

Middle phalanx ant.

1

 

Middle phalanx post.

1

left

Distal phalanx ant.

1

pathological changes, exostoses around the angular processes

Distal phalanx ant.

1

 

Distal phalanx post.

1

left

Sesamoid bones

5

 

92

Mean = 128.5 cm; SD = 3.147221

 

Gdańsk, 1; Grodzisko. Wykop VIII;

Chronologia: 2. połowa XI w.

Szkielety dwóch koni; pierwsza odkryta pod faszynowym wzmocnieniem drewnianego wału, pod jego wschodnią ścianą; drugi, prawie ukończony, znajdował się wewnątrz drewnianej ramy wału.

Źródło: Lepówna 1981.

 

Gdańsk, 1; ul. Na Dylach, Grodzisko, Wykop XVIII,

Chronologia: początek XII w.

Uwagi:

Szkielet konia odnaleziony pod drewnianymi konstrukcjami wału nr 3. Na rysunku widoczna jest tylko część szkieletu: cała czaszka zwrócona na zachód; kręgosłup (odcinek szyjny i piersiowy) oraz żebra ułożone w osi północ-zachód-południowy-wschód. O szkielecie wspominają Lepówna (1981) i Zbierski (1985: 256). Według pierwszego autora koń był małym osobnikiem; czaszka szkieletu opisana jest w katalogu czaszek.

Literatura: Lepówna 1981; Zbierskiego 1985.

 

Gdańska, 2; ul. Olejarna, osada. nr inw. Nr 2947, warstwa 878.

Chronologia: 1. połowa XIII w.

Elementy przegubowe lewej kończyny tylnej z jednym elementem przednim u osoby dorosłej w wieku co najmniej 4 lat.

Literatura: Makowiecka 1997b; Makowiecka i Makowiecki 1997; Panera 2006.

 

Anatomical element

NISP

Descriptions and biometrical data

Third metacarpal bone

1

fragment

Femur

1

left

Tibia

1

left; GL = 318; Bp = 83; SD = 31.8; WH = 125.2 cm

Tarsal bones

4

left

Metatarsals

1

left, splint bone

Metatarsals

2

left third metatarsal and splint bone

Proximal phalanx post.

1

left

Middle phalanx post.

1

left

Distal phalanx post.

1

left

Distal sesamoid bones

1

 

13

 

  

Fig_9_Na dylach_Gdańsk.jpg

Gdańsk, site 1 (Na Dylach St.). Skeletal deposit of horse under wooden structure of rampart No 3 (Archive
of Archaeological Museum in Gdańsk, redrawn by J. Sawicka).

Archaeoequus