Archaeoequus

Tum

Tum, miejsce 1. Stronghold. Kwadratowy SW. nr inw. Nr 1664/2010, wykop 77C, warstwa 7.

Chronologia: X/XI w. – początek XII w.

Elementy osobnika w wieku co najmniej 3,5 roku o wysokości w kłębie wynoszącej 140,3 cm.

Literatura: Grygiel i Stasiak 2014; Makowieckiego 2014b.

 

Anatomical element

NISP

Descriptions and biometrical data

Skull

1

preserved occiput and baso-sphenoid bone

Thoracic vertebrae

3

++

Tibia

1

right, ++, extensive loss–the effect of dog biting; GL = 356; SD = 40.5; Bd = 72.3; WH = 140.4 cm

Tarsal bones

2

right

Calcaneus

1

right; GL = 112.8; GB = 51

Talus

1

right

Third metatarsal bone

1

right; GL = 268; Bp = 48.8; SD = 31.1; Bd = 48.1; WH = 140.2 cm

Proximal phalanx post.

1

right; GL = 83.1; Bp = 52.2; SD = 33.4; Bd = 45.3; WH = 131.6 cm

Middle phalanx post.

1

right; GL = 49.5; Bp = 49.2; SD = 41.1; Bd = 45.5

Distal phalanx post.

1

right

 

Tum, stan. 1, Grodzisko. Kwadratowy SW. nr inw. Nr 1004/2009, wykop 53B, warstwa 2.

Chronologia: połowa XIII w. – połowa XIV w.

Elementy kończyny lewej i prawej osoby powyżej 3,5 roku życia o wysokości w kłębie 129,4 cm.

Literatura: Grygiel i Stasiak 2014; Makowieckiego 2014b.

 

Anatomical element

NISP

Descriptions and biometrical data

Femur

1

right, 10 fragments, almost completely preserved, o+

Tibia

1

right, ++, 123; longitudinal cracks on the diaphysis

Third metatarsal bone

1

right, o+, 23; Bd = 51

Second metatarsal bone

1

left

Third metatarsal bone

1

left, +o; Bp = 48.5

Third metatarsal bone

1

left, ++; 123; GL = 247.7; SD = 30; Bd = 48.1; WH = 129.4 cm

Third metatarsal bone

1

right, 23; Bd = 48.5

Fourth metatarsal bone

1

left

Proximal phalanx post.

1

left; GL = 80.3; Bp = 52.4; SD = 32.3; Bd = 46.6

Proximal phalanx post.

1

right; Bd = 41.5

 

Tum, stan. 1, grodzisko. Kwadrat NE. nr inw. Nr 973/2010, wykop 61D, 64A, warstwa 9-10.

Chronologia: połowa XIII w. – połowa XIV w.

Elementy kończyny prawej i lewej osobnika powyżej 3,5 roku życia, wysokość w kłębie 135,8 cm.

Literatura: Grygiel i Stasiak 2014; Makowieckiego 2014b.

 

Anatomical element

NISP

Descriptions and biometrical data

Humerus

1

left, traces of dog gnawing on the head, ++, GLC = 265.7; SD = 33.4; Bd = 82.2

Humerus

1

right, almost the entire diaphysis and distal diaphysis preserved, Bd = 82.3

Radius

1

right, preserved fragment of the proximal diaphysis

Radius

1

left, whole; GL = 329.4; Bp = 83.9; SD = 38.1; Bd = 75; WH = 135.8 cm

Ulna

2

left and right; gnawing marks on the ulnar processes of both bones

Third metacarpal bone

1

right, distal diaphysis and distal diaphysis; Bd = 51.3

Middle phalanx ant.

1

right; GL = 49; Bp = 54.3; SD = 45.7; Bd = 49

Distal phalanx ant.

1

Right

 

Tum, stan. 1, Grodzisko,. Kwadrat NE. nr inw. Nr 2168/2010, wykop 79B, warstwa 7-8.

Chronologia: połowa XIII–połowa XIV w.

Elementy kończyny dorosłego osobnika.

Literatura: Makowiecki 2014b; Grygiel i Stasiak 2014.

 

Anatomical element

NISP

Descriptions and biometrical data

Radius

1

left; Bd = 75.8

Radial carpal bone

1

Left

Central carpal bone

1

Left

Third carpal bone

1

Left

Accessory carpal bone

1

Left

Third metacarpal bone

1

left; Bp = 50.4

Fourth metacarpal bone

1

Left

 

Tum, miejsce 1., Grodzisko („holm”). Cecha 1146 (Rysunek 24).

Chronologia: X/XI w. – początek XII w.; 14C: 1018-1155 AD (965 ±25 BP; Poz-51406, (wg Stasiak & Trojan 2014), prawdopodobieństwo 68,20%: 1024AD (28,6%) 1046AD; 1092AD (32,4%) 1120AD; 1140AD (7,2%) 1147AD ; prawdopodobieństwo 95,40%: 1018AD (34,6%) 1059, 170AD (60,8%) 1154AD.

Elementy szkieletu samicy w wieku 7-8 lat, wysokość w kłębie 128 cm.

Literatura: Makowiecki 2014b; Grygiel i Stasiak 2014.

 

Anatomical element

NISP

Descriptions and biometrical data

Skull

1

P2 left worn, damaged facial and incisal parts, visible defects of the maxillary bones from the buccal side and tooth crowns, visible dark colouration on the teeth and maxillary bone on both buccal sides

Skull

1

a fragment of the right temporal bone – around the articular surface for connection with the mandible

Hyoid bone

1

 

Mandible

1

left, visible traces of fire; on P2, traces of abrasion of the front part of the tooth – bit effect, mandible more damaged on the buccal side, female 7-8 years old; L: P-M = 170,8

Mandible

1

right, part of the angle with the articular process

Mandible

1

left, fragment of the angle

Atlas

1

preserved whole

Axis

1

preserved whole, +/+-

Cervical vertebrae

1

III; +/-, preserved whole

Cervical vertebrae

4

IV-VII; preserved whole, head fused with the body, fossa in the process of fusion

Thoracic vertebrae

12

preserved whole; +-; cavities on some spinous processes; head fused, fossa in the process of fusion

Thoracic vertebrae

2

 

Thoracic vertebrae

3

distal section, +/+-, preserved whole, in anatomical order

Thoracic vertebrae

1

fragment of the dorsal arch with the spinous process

Thoracic vertebrae

1

o-

Lumbar vertebrae

6

preserved whole; +-; on the caudal articular processes of the second vertebra visible osteophytes, especially on the left process

Lumbar vertebrae

1

o-

Lumbar vertebrae

2

transverse processes

Sacrum

1

 

Ribs

97

small fragments of entire ribs that were damaged during exploration

Pelvis

1

left, preserved whole, visible only discolouration on the ilium–cranial part

Pelvis

1

right, preserved whole, good condition, no signs of weathering, slight exploration losses

Pelvis

1

left, fragment of the ischial bone

Femur

1

right, visible traces of fusion with the diaphysis at the proximal epiphysis, distal epiphysis completely fused; on both condyles and blocks of the distal epiphysis, black traces of fire, especially on the medial condyle, the whole bone is in good condition, no traces of weathering, only dark discolouration (from ash?)

Femur

1

left, visible traces of fusion with the diaphysis at the proximal epiphysis, distal epiphysis completely fused; on both condyles and blocks of the distal epiphysis black traces of fire–more than on the right bone; some of the discolourations are white and grey, the whole bone is in good condition, no traces of weathering, visible only intense dark discolouration on the cranial-lateral side (from ash?)

Tibia

1

right, almost the entire proximal epiphysis and the caudal part of the diaphysis, the cranial part with extensive loss due to being in fire, black

Tibia

1

left, almost the entire proximal epiphysis and the caudal part of the diaphysis, the cranial part with extensive loss due to being in fire, black

146

 

Fig_24_Tum_feature 1146_Horse_in situ.jpg

Tum, site 1, Góra Św. Małgorzaty. Skeletal deposit of horse (level 30cm), knoll near the stronghold; Feature 1146 (drawing by R. Grygiel & W. Stasiak 2014).

Archaeoequus